Slave revolts essays

Slave revolts essays During four hundred years of slavery, black people did not accept the idea as easily as many thought. When Europeans took thousands of Africans from their native land against their will, one can only expect resistance. Through the struggle, enslaved Africans formed slave rhymes, stories, and planned revolts to fight against the tyranny of the slave owners. Enslaved African use forms of rebellion to out smart their masters and sometimes used violence for redemption for their inhumane treatment. In the beginning of slavery, whites feared the rebellion of blacks therefore they used tactics to control and to place fear minds of the slaves. A basic device of control whites used against blacks was to make them feel like they were inferior to whites. Whites also made Negroes believe they were descendants of Cain or the snake in the book of Genesis in the bible. The church also had a large contribution to the mindset of slaves. The church taught slaves that God wanted them to hold a lower level in society. The church also taught slaves that they would spend an eternity in Hell if they did not perform their daily tasks. Church sermons usually described beatings and lashings as a correction. It did not matter if the slave deserved it or not, the churchs justification was that God wills it. Military activity commonly concerned most whites in the regard to black slaves. In 1727 and 1728, escaped slaves were aiding the Yamasee and Lower Creek Indians in Granville County. (Aptheker, American Slave Revolts, p. 19-57) During the Revolutionary War, blacks found the open opportunity to lead slave uprisings. In 1974 in Georgia, six men and four women led an uprising murdering the overseer, the wife, and wounded the carpenter. They continued to neighboring houses where they murdered three men and wounded others. The British enlisted slaves for their own military force offering the rights to their freedom ...

Biography of Physicist Ernest Rutherford

Biography of Physicist Ernest Rutherford Ernest Rutherford was the first man to split an atom, transmuting one element into another. He performed experiments on radioactivity and is widely regarded as the Father of Nuclear Physics or Father of the Nuclear Age. Here is a brief biography of this important scientist: Born: August 30, 1871, Spring Grove, New Zealand Died: October 19, 1937, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England Ernest Rutherford Claims To Fame He discovered alpha and beta particles.He coined the terms alpha, beta, and gamma rays.Identified alpha particles as helium nuclei.He demonstrated radioactivity was the spontaneous disintegration of atoms.In 1903, Rutherford and Frederick Soddy  formulated the laws of radioactive decay  and described the disintegration theory of atoms.Rutherford is credited with discovering the radioactive gaseous element radon, while at McGill University in Montreal.Rutherford and Bertram Borden Boltwood (Yale University) proposed a decay series to categorize elements.In 1919, he became the first person to  artificially induce a nuclear reaction in a stable element.In 1920, he hypothesized the existence of the neutron.Lord Rutherford pioneered the orbital theory of the atom with his famous gold foil experiment, through which he discovered Rutherford scattering off the nucleus. This experiment was fundamental to the development of modern chemistry and physics, as it helped describe the nature o f the atomic nucleus. Rutherfords gold foil experiment, also known as the  Geiger–Marsden experiments, was not a single experiment, but a set of experiments conducted by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden under Rutherfords supervision, between 1908 and 1913. By measuring how a beam of alpha particles was deflected when striking a thin sheet of gold foil, the scientists determined (a) the nucleus had a positive charge and (b) most of an atoms mass was in the nucleus. This is the Rutherford model of the atom. He is sometimes called the Father of Nuclear Physics. Notable Honors and Awards Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1908)  for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances - Affiliated with Victoria University, Manchester, United Kingdom Knighted (1914)Ennobled (1931)President of the Institute of Physics (1931)  After the war, Rutherford succeeded his mentor J. J. Thomson in the Cavendish Professorship at Cambridge  Element 104, rutherfordium, is named in his honorReceived several honorary fellowships and degreesBuried in Westminster Abbey Interesting Rutherford Facts Rutherford was the 4th of 12 children. He was the son of farmer James Rutherford and his wife, Martha. His parents were originally from Hornchurch, Essex, England, but they emigrated to New Zealand to raise flax and start a family.When Rutherfords birth was registered, his name was mistakenly spelled Earnest.After completing his degree at the university in New Zealand, his job was teaching rebellious children.He left teaching because he was awarded a scholarship to study at Cambridge University in England.He became  J. J. Thomsons first graduate student at the Cavendish Laboratory.Rutherfords initial experiments dealt with the transmission of radio waves.Rutherford and Thomson conducted electricity through gases and analyzed the results.He entered the new field of radioactivity research, just discovered by  Becquerel and Pierre and Marie Curie.Rutherford worked with many interesting scientists of the time, including Frederick Soddy, Hans Geiger, Neils Bohr,  H. G. J. Moseley, J ames Chadwick, and of course J. J. Thomson. Under Rutherfords supervision, James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932. His work during World War I focused on submarine detection and antisubmarine research.Rutherford was called Crocodile by his colleagues. The name referenced the scientists relentless forward thinking.Ernest Rutherford said he hoped scientists would not learn how to split the atom until  Ã¢â‚¬Å"man was living at peace with his neighbors.† As it turned out, fission was discovered only two years after Rutherfords death and was applied to make nuclear weapons.Rutherfords discoveries were the basis for the design and construction of the  largest, most energetic particle accelerator in the world the Large Hadron Collider or LHC.Rutherford was the first Canandian and Oceanian Nobel laureate. References Ernest Rutherford – Biography. NobelPrize.org.Eve, A. S.; Chadwick, J. (1938). Lord Rutherford 1871–1937. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. 2 (6): 394. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1938.0025Heilbron, J. L. (2003) Ernest Rutherford and the Explosion of Atoms. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 123–124. ISBN 0-19-512378-6.Rutherford, Ernest (1911). The scattering of alpha and beta particles by matter and the structure of the atom. Taylor Francis. p. 688.